Cryptosporidiosis is a re-emerging food and waterborne disease for which currently there are no vaccines ( Dumaine et al., 2020 Guo et al., 2022). Young children and immunocompromised individuals are at highest risk when in close contact with cattle, who are a main reservoir ( Thomson et al., 2017). parvum is a zoonotic agent causing gastroenteritis in a diversity of vertebrates, including cattle, and it is a leading global cause of diarrhea, illness, and death in young children ( Collaborators, 2017). parvum), a life-threatening apicomplexan protozoan parasite that causes watery diarrhea, dehydration, impaired gut absorption ( Klein et al., 2008), and, in severe cases, impaired weight gain or death ( Shaw et al., 2020). Neonatal calves are highly susceptible to Cryptosporidium parvum ( C. Colostrum supplementation showed limited effect mitigating diarrhea but demonstrated some clinical alleviation and specific modulatory influence on host gut immune responses and concomitant microbiota. parvum infection in neonatal calves provoked severe diarrheic neutrophilic enterocolitis, perhaps augmented due to the lack of fully developed innate gut defenses. Daily supplementation with a high-quality bovine colostrum product mitigated some of the clinical signs and modulated the gut immune response and concomitant microbiota to a pattern more similar to that of healthy unchallenged calves.ĭiscussion: C. and other enteropathogens, including Campylobacter spp., Escherichia sp., Shigella spp., and Listeria spp. parvum challenged calves also displayed a pronounced dysbiosis with a high prevalence of Clostridium species (spp.) and number of exotoxins, adherence factors, and secretion systems related to Clostridium spp. Colitis was also noticed with an aggravated mucin barrier depletion and incompletely filled goblet cells. These calves showed ulcerative neutrophil ileitis with a proteomic signature driven by inflammatory effectors, including reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidases. parvum challenged calves experienced clinical signs including pyrexia and diarrhea 5 days post challenge.
Also, we investigated the impact of supplemental colostrum feeding on C. parvum challenge in neonatal calves to describe the clinical signs and histological and proteomic profiling of the mucosal innate immunity and microbiota shifts by metagenomics in the ileum and colon during cryptosporidiosis. Methods: Herein, we used an experimental model of C. With little to no effective therapeutics, understanding the host’s microbiota and pathogen interaction at the mucosal immune system has been critical to identify and test novel control strategies. parvum), which can result in watery diarrhea and eventually death or impaired development. Introduction: Calves are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection with Cryptosporidium parvum ( C. 7Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.6National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.5Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France.4McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.3Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.2Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Unidad Integrada INTA, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.Cirone 2, Steffany Schluessel 1, Mackenzie Campsall 1, Aydin Herik 1, Priyoshi Lahiri 1, Daniel Young 3,4, Antoine Dufour 3,4, Panagiotis Sapountzis 5, Saria Otani 6, Diego E.
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